The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.